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1.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 74(3)dic. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1449969

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19, la infección por Enterobacterales resistentes a carbapenémicos productores de carbapenemasas (ERC-PC) se convierte en un problema de salud pública desafiante a nivel mundial. Los médicos desempeñan un papel fundamental en el manejo clínico de las infecciones por patógenos resistentes a carbapenémicos a nivel hospitalario y por ende en el control de estas. Sin embargo, no existen estudios sobre el conocimiento y prácticas de estos sobre ERC-PC en Cuba. Objetivo: Abordar conocimientos y prácticas sobre las infecciones por ERC-PC, su manejo terapéutico, prevención y control en médicos cubanos en un hospital terciario. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional (descriptivo, de corte transversal) y se aplicó un cuestionario específico elaborado a 70 médicos asistenciales. Resultados: Hubo variabilidad en las opiniones sobre las ERC-PC y un conocimiento medio sobre estas en la mayoría de los encuestados. El 58,6 % de los médicos tenía experiencia en el manejo clínico de la infección por ERC-PC. Las brechas de conocimiento encontradas estuvieron asociadas a la escasa experiencia práctica en el manejo de casos. Hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el nivel de conocimientos sobre los ERC-PC en los médicos con experiencia en el manejo de los ERC-PC en comparación con los médicos sin experiencia (p = 0,039). Conclusiones: Es necesario establecer un plan de formación continua en la temática para mejorar el desempeño de los profesionales de la salud en el control de las infecciones por ERC-PC y en el uso optimizado de los antibióticos.


Introduction: In the context of COVID-19 pandemic, carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CP-CRE) infection becomes a global public health threat. Medical doctors play a fundamental role in the clinical management and control of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant pathogens. However, in Cuba there are not previous studies on the knowledge and practice of medical doctors about CR-CRE. Objective: To study the knowledge and practice of Cuban medical doctors in a tertiary hospital about CR-CRE infections, their clinical management, prevention and control. Methods: It was conducted an observational study (descriptive, cross-sectional) and an specific questionnaire to 70 medical doctors was applied. Results: There was variability on the opinions about CP-CRE and average knowledge in the majority of the respondents. 58.6% of the medical doctors had some experience in the clinical management of CP-CRE infections. Knowledge gaps were associated with the limited practical experience in the management of cases. There was statistically significant difference in the level of knowledge about CP-CRE of medical doctors with experience in the management of CP-CRE compared to inexperienced medical doctors (p = 0.039). Conclusions: It is necessary to establish a continuous training plan on this topic to improve the performance of health professionals in the control of CP-CRE infections and in the appropriate use of antibiotics.


Subject(s)
Humans
2.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 73(3)dic. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1408875

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: Los programas de posgrado tienen gran demanda en salud pública. La evaluación de su impacto permite determinar si un programa produce los efectos deseados en sus egresados, instituciones u organizaciones. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto académico del programa de la Maestría en Epidemiología desarrollado en El Salvador basado en la autovaloración emitida por los estudiantes participantes en la edición 34 correspondiente al curso 2017-2018. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio evaluativo con una medición posintervención entre los meses de junio y noviembre de 2019 a los 35 estudiantes graduados de la edición 34 mediante un cuestionario enviado por correo electrónico. Se calculó el alfa de Cronbach, el índice de posición y la escala de Likert. Resultados: De los graduados en esta edición, el 77,1 % respondió el cuestionario aplicado. En general, el primer nivel referente a la satisfacción personal tendió a mucho o muy bien. El total general del índice de posición en el nivel aprendizaje y en el nivel desempeño profesional, tienden a muy bien. El índice de posición general calculado fue de 0,92. La autovaloración de los estudiantes del programa semipresencial fue de muy bien. Conclusiones: El impacto académico del programa evaluado es elevado, desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes egresados de la edición 34. El instrumento utilizado demuestra su utilidad para evaluar otros programas de maestrías y procesos docentes de posgrado, con el objetivo de la mejora continua de estos.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Graduate education programs are very much demanded in the public health sector. Evaluation of their impact makes it possible to determine whether a program has the desired effect on its graduates, institutions or organizations. Objective: Evaluate the academic impact of the Epidemiology Master's Degree program developed in El Salvador on the basis of the self-assessment issued by students participating in its 34th edition, corresponding to the academic year 2017-2018. Methods: An evaluative study was conducted with the 35 graduates from the 34th edition of the program. The study was based on a questionnaire sent by email, and included a postintervention measurement carried out from June to November 2019. Estimation was made of Cronbach's alpha, position index and Likert's scale. Results: 77.1% of the graduates from this edition answered the questionnaire. In general terms, the first level about personal satisfaction tended to much or very well. Total overall position index on the levels about learning and professional performance tended to very well. The overall position index estimated was 0.92. Self-assessment of students participating in the blended learning program was very well. Conclusions: The academic impact of the program evaluated is high from the perspective of graduates from the 34th edition. The tool used in the study proved to be useful to evaluate other master's degree programs and graduate education processes, with a view to their permanent improvement.

3.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; 46(4): e2574, oct.-dic. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1156621

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las enfermedades bacterianas representan una de las causas más importantes de morbilidad y mortalidad en los pacientes infectados con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Ha este suceso se adicionan hoy las infecciones asociadas a los servicios sanitarios, escenario agravado por la aparición de bacterias con multirresistencia, las que impactan negativamente sobre la salud humana. Objetivo: Caracterizar las infecciones bacterianas en pacientes cubanos con el VIH, ingresados en el centro hospitalario del Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí, entre enero de 2014 y diciembre del 2017. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal con componente analítico cuyo universo estuvo constituido por 538 pacientes seropositivos en VIH-1 con diagnóstico de infección bacteriana documentada por aislamiento microbiológico. Resultados: Las infecciones bacterianas a nivel de vías respiratorias en pacientes con VIH y CD4 ≤ 200 cel/mm3 resultaron los eventos más frecuentes. Se demostró la mayor positividad en muestras de hemocultivo y esputos bacteriológicos 40,1 por ciento y 36,1 por ciento respectivamente. El 69,7por ciento de los aislamientos evidenciaron infección asociada a la asistencia sanitaria revelando asociación estadísticamente significativa con factores de riesgo seleccionados (estadías hospitalarias prolongadas y uso de dispositivos), además con la presencia de infección por bacterias gramnegativas y estafilococos coagulasa positivo. Conclusiones: Las infecciones bacterianas son frecuentes en pacientes VIH con inmunodepresión severa y su causa principal son las neumonías. Existe alta incidencia de infección asociada a la asistencia sanitaria, las que muestran asociación estadísticamente significativa con las estadías hospitalarias prolongadas y el uso de dispositivos, también revelan asociación con aislamientos de bacterias gramnegativas y estafilococos coagulasa positivo(AU)


Introduction: Bacterial diseases are one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To this event are added nowadays infections associated with health services, a scenario aggravated by the emergence of bacteria with multi-resistance, which negatively impact human health. Objective: Characterize bacterial infections in Cuban HIV patients, admitted to the hospital center of Pedro Kourí Institute of Tropical Medicine between January 2014 and December 2017. Methods: A cross-sectional study with analytical component was conducted consisting of 538 HIV-1 positive patients diagnosed with bacterial infection detected by microbiological isolation. Results: Bacterial infections at the airway level in patients with HIV and CD4≤ 200cel/mm3 were the most common events. The highest positivity was demonstrated in samples of blood culture and bacteriological sputus with 40.1 percent and 36.1 percent, respectively. 69.7 percent of isolations showed healthcare-associated infection revealing statistically significant association with selected risk factors (prolonged hospital stays and devices use), as well as infection with gram-negative bacteria and coagulase-positive staph. Conclusions: Bacterial infections are common in HIV patients with severe immunosuppression and pneumonia is its main cause. There is a high incidence of healthcare-associated infection, which shows statistically significant association with prolonged hospital stays and devices use, also reveal association with isolations of gram-negative bacteria and coagulase-positive staph(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Bacterial Infections/mortality , Cross-Sectional Studies , HIV
4.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 71(3): e419, sept.-dic. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED, LILACS | ID: biblio-1093582

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En Cuba no se han estudiado suficientemente los gastos de bolsillo y la pérdida de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (de pacientes con dengue y sus familiares. Objetivo: Describir la afectación de la calidad de vida, los costos no médicos directos (gastos de bolsillo) e indirectos de pacientes hospitalizados con dengue y sus familiares. Método: Estudio de descripción de costos desde la perspectiva de pacientes y familiares, para los hospitalizados con dengue en el Clínico Quirúrgico Salvador Allende, en noviembre de 2013. En enero-febrero de 2014 se aplicó un cuestionario cerrado de 173 preguntas. Se calcularon la pérdida promedio de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, los costos no médicos directos y los costos indirectos. Resultados: Durante el episodio de dengue el grupo de edad más afectado fue el de 30-44 años. Predominaron las mujeres (63,3 por ciento). La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud se afectó sensiblemente pasando como promedio de 86,9 el día antes de la enfermedad a 27,8 el día que las personas se sintieron más enfermas. En el momento de la entrevista, el 51 por ciento de los pacientes percibían que no se habían recuperado de la enfermedad. Los pacientes estuvieron hospitalizados como promedio 5 días. Los gastos de bolsillo de pacientes y familiares ascendieron a 61,24 CUC (IC95 por ciento 43,23-79,25 CUC), en que el 66,2 por ciento fue en alimentación y el 13,6 por ciento en transporte. Las pérdidas promedio de ingreso fueron de 25,30 CUC para los pacientes y 4,50 CUC para los familiares. Los costos totales promedio por paciente fueron de 89,25 CUC (IC95 por ciento 67,33-110,29 CUC). Conclusiones: Se evidenció la pérdida de calidad de vida como consecuencia del dengue. Los gastos de bolsillo fueron altos y representan tres veces el valor del salario medio de la Provincia La Habana(AU)


Introduction: Health-related loss of quality of life among dengue patients and their relatives, and unforeseen family expenses incurred for this reason, have not been sufficiently studied in Cuba. Objective: Describe the impact on quality of life, as well as the non-medical direct and indirect unforeseen expenses incurred by patients hospitalized with dengue and their relatives. Method: A cost analysis study was conducted based on data provided by patients hospitalized with dengue in Salvador Allende Clinical Surgical Hospital and their relatives in November 2013. A closed-ended questionnaire of 173 questions was applied in January-February 2014. Estimation was made of average health-related loss of quality of life, direct non-medical costs and indirect costs. Results: The 30-44 years age group was the most harshly affected during the episode. There was a predominance of the female sex (63.3 percent). Health-related quality of life decreased dramatically from an average 86.9 the day before the disease to 27.8 on the day when patients felt the worst. At the time of the interview, 51 percent of the patients perceived that they had not recovered from the disease. Mean hospital stay was 5 days. Unforeseen patient and family expenses rose to 61.24 CUC (CI 95 percent; 43.23-79.25 CUC), of which 66.2 percent was spent on food and 13.6 percent on transport. Average income loss was 25.30 CUC for patients and 4.50 CUC for relatives. Total average cost per patient was 89.25 CUC (CI 95 percent 67.33-110.29 CUC). Conclusions: Evidence was found of loss of quality of life as a result of dengue. Unforeseen expenses were high, representing three times the mean salary in the province of Havana(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Economic Indexes , Health Expenditures/ethics , Dengue/economics , Quality of Life
5.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 71(1): e323, ene.-abr. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1093544

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En Cuba hay pocos datos disponibles sobre la pérdida de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y la carga económica para los pacientes de dengue y sus familiares. Objetivo: Describir la pérdida de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y la carga económica del dengue para los pacientes y sus familiares. Métodos: Se aplicó un cuestionario a 92 pacientes adultos confirmados de dengue y hospitalizados en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Docente Ambrosio Grillo de Santiago de Cuba, entre enero y octubre 2015; también se les aplicó a sus familias. Se calculó la pérdida promedio de calidad de vida a través de una escala analógica (0-100) y de los costos no médicos directos (gastos de bolsillo) e indirectos por paciente. Resultados: la pérdida global de calidad de vida fue de 67,9 por ciento en el peor momento de la enfermedad. El promedio de días autopercibidos hasta la recuperación fue 13,1. El promedio de visitas por paciente a los servicios ambulatorios antes de la hospitalización fue 1,3, y el policlínico resultó el servicio más utilizado. La estadía hospitalaria promedio fue 3,96 noches. Ningún enfermo presentó dengue grave. Los costos no médicos directos para los pacientes y sus familiares, fueron 7,95 USD (CUC). El 44,7 por ciento fue utilizado en transporte y 32,0 por ciento en alimentación, financiados principalmente con los ahorros personales y donaciones de familiares y amigos. Los costos indirectos promedio fueron 4,10 USD (CUC). Conclusión: Hubo una sustancial pérdida de calidad de vida durante la enfermedad. Los costos no médicos directos y los indirectos para los pacientes y familiares fueron bajos. La carga económica asumida por el gobierno es 12 veces mayor que estos(AU)


Introduction: Few data are available in Cuba about the loss of health-related quality of life and the economic burden caused by dengue fever to patients and their families. Objective: Describe the loss of health-related quality of life and the economic burden caused by dengue fever to patients and their families in Santiago de Cuba. Method: A questionnaire was applied to 92 adult patients with confirmed dengue fever admitted to Ambrosio Grillo Clinical Surgical University Hospital in Santiago de Cuba from January to October 2015. The questionnaire was also applied to their relatives. An analog scale (0-100) was used to estimate average loss of quality of life as well as indirect and direct non-medical costs expenses incurred by patients. Results: Global loss of quality of life was 67.9 percent at the worst stage of the condition. Average self-perceived days until recovery were 13.1. Average visits to outpatient services per patient before hospitalization were 1.3. The polyclinic was the most commonly used service. Average hospital stay was 3.96 nights. No patient had severe dengue fever. Direct non-medical expenses incurred by patients and their families were USD 7.95 (CUC), 44.7 percent of which were spent on transportation and 32.0 percent on food. These were mainly covered by personal savings and donations from relatives and friends. Average indirect expenses were USD 4.10 (CUC). Conclusion: There was considerable loss of quality of life during the disease. Patients and their families incurred low non-medical direct and indirect expenses. The economic burden undertaken by the government is 12 times as high(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Quality of Life , Dengue/economics , Dengue/psychology , Cuba/epidemiology
6.
In. Guzmán, María G. Dengue. La Habana, ECIMED, 2016. .
Monography in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-64120
7.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 67(3)dic. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-64879

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la brucelosis es una zoonosis perjudicial para la salud humana y veterinaria. Cuba incrementa la ganadería no controlada productora de alimentos que unida a otras prácticas agrícolas, inciden en el aumento de la morbilidad por esta enfermedad. La red nacional de laboratorios de salud pública de Cuba, carece de métodos de laboratorio para el diagnóstico de la brucelosis humana. Objetivos: evaluar cualitativamente el sistema serológico comercial Febrille Antigen Brucella, para detección de anticuerpos contra brucelas, con el uso de sueros de casos y controles. Confirmar la infección por brucelas con la aplicación del sistema serológico comercial para la detección de anticuerpos contra brucelas y los sistemas comerciales de referencia ELISA-IgM e IgG, en sueros de pacientes sospechosos de brucelosis. Realizar una descripción parcial de costos, del sistema serológico comercial Febrille Antigen Brucella. Métodos: se realizó una investigación en servicios y sistemas de tipo observacional con un estudio de caso control anidado, con cuarenta sueros de casos, 80 controles y 466 muestras de pacientes sospechosos, para evaluar el sistema comercial Febrille Antigen Brucella, (Diagnostic Senese SpA), al que se le efectuó también una evaluación económica parcial de costos. Se utilizaron como pruebas de referencia ELISA-IgM y ELISA-IgG (VIRCELL, España). Resultados: el sistema de Febrille Antigen Brucella mostró valores de sensibilidad de 100,00 por ciento, especificidad de 97,50 pir ciento y una concordancia de 98,33 por ciento. De los 72 casos clínicos, 25 presentaron títulos ≥ 160 por Febrille Antigen...(AU)


Introduction: brucellosis is a zoonosis detrimental to human and animal health. Cuba increases food-producing uncontrolled stockbreeding, a fact that, together with other farming activities, influences the increase in morbidity for this disease. The Cuban national network of public health laboratories lacks laboratory methods for diagnosis human brucellosis.Objectives: to qualitatively evaluate the commercial serological system Febrile Antigen Brucella for the detection of anti-Brucella antibodies, with the use of serums from cases and controls; to confirm Brucella infection, by means of the application of the commercial serological system for anti-Brucella antibodies detection and the commercial systems of reference ELISA-IgM and ELISA-IgG in serums from patients suspected of brucellosis; and to partially describe the costs of the commercial serological system Febrile Antigen Brucella. Methods: observational research carried out in services and systems, by a nested case-control study, with 40 serums from cases, 80 controls and 466 samples from suspect patients, in order to evaluate the commercial system Febrile Antigen Brucella (Diagnostica Senese SpA), which besides was object to a partial economic evaluation of costs. As reference tests, ELISA-IgM and ELISA-IgG (VIRCELL, España) were used. Results: the Febrile Antigen Brucella system showed sensitivity values of 100.00 percent, specificity of 97.50 percent and agreement coefficient of 98.33 percent. Out of the 72 clinical cases, 25 presented titles greater than or equal to 160 by Febrile Antigen Brucella and were positive also by ELISA-IgM and ELISA-IgG. The use of the systems ELISA-IgM and ELISA-IgG in Febrile Antigen Brucella-reactive and suspect serums increased serological positivity. Mean average cost (21.46 CUP) for one determination by Febrile Antigen...(AU)


Subject(s)
Brucellosis/diagnosis , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods
8.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 62(2)mayo-ago. 2010.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-53056

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: en los últimos años se ha incrementado el número de pacientes cubanos infectados con VIH con un rápido deterioro clínico e inmunológico. OBJETIVO: determinar posibles factores asociados a progresión rápida a sida. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio de tipo caso-control. Se estudiaron 26 pacientes con progresión rápida a sida, atendidos en el Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí, entre septiembre de 2007 y agosto de 2008, y 2 grupos controles A y B de 20 pacientes cada uno. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y de laboratorio. Se determinó por análisis logístico multivariado la asociación entre las variables de exposición y la progresión rápida a sida. RESULTADOS: las variables asociadas con progresión rápida a sida por el estimado puntual del OR ³ 2 fueron: sexo femenino (OR: 17,0), no uso de condón (OR: 3,24), valor de linfocitos TCD4+ al momento del diagnóstico de VIHú 25 por ciento (OR: 8,0) y ú 400 células/mm³ (OR: 3,27), candidiasis oral (OR: 66,20), y una carga viral > 10 000 UI/mL al momento del diagnóstico de VIH (OR: 4,62). La edad mayor de 30 años al diagnóstico de VIH, los hábitos tóxicos, el síndrome de retrovirosis aguda sintomático y el resto de las coinfecciones no se asociaron con progresión rápida a sida. CONCLUSIONES: además de factores virales e inmunológicos, existen otros de carácter clínico y epidemiológico asociados con progresión rápida a sida, que deben tenerse en cuenta en la evaluación inicial del paciente como son sexo femenino, no uso de condón, candidiasis oral, valor de linfocitos T CD4+ y carga viral al diagnóstico (AU)


INTRODUCTION: in the last few years, the number of HIV Cuban patients expressing rapid clinical and immunologic deterioration has increased. OBJECTIVE: to find out the possible factors associated to rapid progression to AIDS. METHODS: a case-control study was carried out with the objective of determining possible factors associated with rapid progression to AIDS. Twenty six patients with rapid progression to AIDS, who were seen at Pedro Kourí Institute of Tropical Medicine from September 2007 to August 2008 together with two 20- patient control groups (A and B) were involved in the study. Social, demographic, clinical and laboratory variables were analyzed. By means of multivariate logistic analysis, the association between the exposure variables and the rapid progression to AIDS was determined. RESULTS: the variables associated with rapid progression to AIDS using the punctual estimate of the Odds ratio (OR³ 2) were: female (OR: 17.0), non-use of condom (OR: 3.24), percentage of TCD4+ lymphocytes at the moment of HIV diagnosis ú25 percent (OR: 8.0) and the absolute count ú 400 cel/mm3 (OR: 3.27), oral candidiasis (OR: 66.20), and an HIV viral load >10 000 UI/ml at the moment of the diagnosis (OR: 4.62). The age older than 30 years at HIV diagnosis, the toxic habits, the symptomatic syndrome of acute retrovirosis and the rest of the co-infections were not associated with rapid progression to AIDS. CONCLUSIONS: besides those well-known viral and immunologic factors, there are other clinical and epidemiological factors associated with rapid progression to AIDS such as being female, non-use of condon, oral candiasis, T cell CD4+ count and viral load. All of them must be taken into account at the moment of initial patient assessment (AU)


Subject(s)
Risk Factors , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/etiology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission , HIV
9.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 62(2): 146-153, Mayo-ago. 2010.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-47679

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: en los últimos años se ha incrementado el número de pacientes cubanos infectados con VIH con un rápido deterioro clínico e inmunológico. OBJETIVO: determinar posibles factores asociados a progresión rápida a sida. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio de tipo caso-control. Se estudiaron 26 pacientes con progresión rápida a sida, atendidos en el Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí, entre septiembre de 2007 y agosto de 2008, y 2 grupos controles A y B de 20 pacientes cada uno. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y de laboratorio. Se determinó por análisis logístico multivariado la asociación entre las variables de exposición y la progresión rápida a sida. RESULTADOS: las variables asociadas con progresión rápida a sida por el estimado puntual del OR ³ 2 fueron: sexo femenino (OR: 17,0), no uso de condón (OR: 3,24), valor de linfocitos TCD4+ al momento del diagnóstico de VIHú 25 por ciento (OR: 8,0) y ú 400 células/mm³ (OR: 3,27), candidiasis oral (OR: 66,20), y una carga viral > 10 000 UI/mL al momento del diagnóstico de VIH (OR: 4,62). La edad mayor de 30 años al diagnóstico de VIH, los hábitos tóxicos, el síndrome de retrovirosis aguda sintomático y el resto de las coinfecciones no se asociaron con progresión rápida a sida. CONCLUSIONES: además de factores virales e inmunológicos, existen otros de carácter clínico y epidemiológico asociados con progresión rápida a sida, que deben tenerse en cuenta en la evaluación inicial del paciente como son sexo femenino, no uso de condón, candidiasis oral, valor de linfocitos T CD4+ y carga viral al diagnóstico (AU)


INTRODUCTION: in the last few years, the number of HIV Cuban patients expressing rapid clinical and immunologic deterioration has increased. OBJECTIVE: to find out the possible factors associated to rapid progression to AIDS. METHODS: a case-control study was carried out with the objective of determining possible factors associated with rapid progression to AIDS. Twenty six patients with rapid progression to AIDS, who were seen at Pedro Kourí Institute of Tropical Medicine from September 2007 to August 2008 together with two 20- patient control groups (A and B) were involved in the study. Social, demographic, clinical and laboratory variables were analyzed. By means of multivariate logistic analysis, the association between the exposure variables and the rapid progression to AIDS was determined. RESULTS: the variables associated with rapid progression to AIDS using the punctual estimate of the Odds ratio (OR³ 2) were: female (OR: 17.0), non-use of condom (OR: 3.24), percentage of TCD4+ lymphocytes at the moment of HIV diagnosis ú25 percent (OR: 8.0) and the absolute count ú 400 cel/mm3 (OR: 3.27), oral candidiasis (OR: 66.20), and an HIV viral load >10 000 UI/ml at the moment of the diagnosis (OR: 4.62). The age older than 30 years at HIV diagnosis, the toxic habits, the symptomatic syndrome of acute retrovirosis and the rest of the co-infections were not associated with rapid progression to AIDS. CONCLUSIONS: besides those well-known viral and immunologic factors, there are other clinical and epidemiological factors associated with rapid progression to AIDS such as being female, non-use of condon, oral candiasis, T cell CD4+ count and viral load. All of them must be taken into account at the moment of initial patient assessment (AU)

10.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 62(2): 146-153, Mayo-ago. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-584943

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: en los últimos años se ha incrementado el número de pacientes cubanos infectados con VIH con un rápido deterioro clínico e inmunológico. OBJETIVO: determinar posibles factores asociados a progresión rápida a sida. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio de tipo caso-control. Se estudiaron 26 pacientes con progresión rápida a sida, atendidos en el Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Pedro Kourí", entre septiembre de 2007 y agosto de 2008, y 2 grupos controles A y B de 20 pacientes cada uno. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y de laboratorio. Se determinó por análisis logístico multivariado la asociación entre las variables de exposición y la progresión rápida a sida. RESULTADOS: las variables asociadas con progresión rápida a sida por el estimado puntual del OR ³ 2 fueron: sexo femenino (OR: 17,0), no uso de condón (OR: 3,24), valor de linfocitos TCD4+ al momento del diagnóstico de VIH£ 25 por ciento (OR: 8,0) y £ 400 células/mm³ (OR: 3,27), candidiasis oral (OR: 66,20), y una carga viral > 10 000 UI/mL al momento del diagnóstico de VIH (OR: 4,62). La edad mayor de 30 años al diagnóstico de VIH, los hábitos tóxicos, el síndrome de retrovirosis aguda sintomático y el resto de las coinfecciones no se asociaron con progresión rápida a sida. CONCLUSIONES: además de factores virales e inmunológicos, existen otros de carácter clínico y epidemiológico asociados con progresión rápida a sida, que deben tenerse en cuenta en la evaluación inicial del paciente como son sexo femenino, no uso de condón, candidiasis oral, valor de linfocitos T CD4+ y carga viral al diagnóstico.


INTRODUCTION: in the last few years, the number of HIV Cuban patients expressing rapid clinical and immunologic deterioration has increased. OBJECTIVE: to find out the possible factors associated to rapid progression to AIDS. METHODS: a case-control study was carried out with the objective of determining possible factors associated with rapid progression to AIDS. Twenty six patients with rapid progression to AIDS, who were seen at "Pedro Kourí" Institute of Tropical Medicine from September 2007 to August 2008 together with two 20- patient control groups (A and B) were involved in the study. Social, demographic, clinical and laboratory variables were analyzed. By means of multivariate logistic analysis, the association between the exposure variables and the rapid progression to AIDS was determined. RESULTS: the variables associated with rapid progression to AIDS using the punctual estimate of the Odds ratio (OR³ 2) were: female (OR: 17.0), non-use of condom (OR: 3.24), percentage of TCD4+ lymphocytes at the moment of HIV diagnosis £25 percent (OR: 8.0) and the absolute count £ 400 cel/mm3 (OR: 3.27), oral candidiasis (OR: 66.20), and an HIV viral load >10 000 UI/ml at the moment of the diagnosis (OR: 4.62). The age older than 30 years at HIV diagnosis, the toxic habits, the symptomatic syndrome of acute retrovirosis and the rest of the co-infections were not associated with rapid progression to AIDS. CONCLUSIONS: besides those well-known viral and immunologic factors, there are other clinical and epidemiological factors associated with rapid progression to AIDS such as being female, non-use of condon, oral candiasis, T cell CD4+ count and viral load. All of them must be taken into account at the moment of initial patient assessment.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/etiology , Case-Control Studies , Cuba , Disease Progression
11.
Rev Cubana Med Trop ; 62(2): 146-53, 2010.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23431627

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: in the last few years, the number of HIV Cuban patients expressing rapid clinical and immunologic deterioration has increased. OBJECTIVE: to find out the possible factors associated to rapid progression to AIDS. METHODS: a case-control study was carried out with the objective of determining possible factors associated with rapid progression to AIDS. Twenty six patients with rapid progression to AIDS, who were seen at "Pedro Kouri" Institute of Tropical Medicine from September 2007 to August 2008 together with two 20- patient control groups (A and B) were involved in the study. Social, demographic, clinical and laboratory variables were analyzed. By means of multivariate logistic analysis, the association between the exposure variables and the rapid progression to AIDS was determined. RESULTS: the variables associated with rapid progression to AIDS using the punctual estimate of the Odds ratio (OR > or = 2) were: female (OR: 17.0), non-use of condom (OR: 3.24), percentage of TCD4+ lymphocytes at the moment of HIV diagnosis < or = 25% (OR: 8.0) and the absolute count < or = 400 cel/mm3 (OR: 3.27), oral candidiasis (OR: 66.20), and an HIV viral load > 10 000 UI/mL at the moment of the diagnosis (OR: 4.62). The age older than 30 years at HIV diagnosis, the toxic habits, the symptomatic syndrome of acute retrovirosis and the rest of the co-infections were not associated with rapid progression to AIDS. CONCLUSIONS: besides those well-known viral and immunologic factors, there are other clinical and epidemiological factors associated with rapid progression to AIDS such as being female, non-use of condon, oral candiasis, T cell CD4+ count and viral load. All of them must be taken into account at the moment of initial patient assessment.


Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/etiology , Adolescent , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Cuba , Disease Progression , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult
12.
Soc Sci Med ; 64(4): 976-88, 2007 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17140718

ABSTRACT

Achieving sustainability is one of the major current challenges in disease control programmes. In 2001-2002, a community-based dengue control intervention was developed in three health zones of Santiago de Cuba. New structures (heterogeneous community working groups and provincial/municipal coordination groups inserted in the vertical programme) were formed and constituted a key element to achieve social mobilization. In three control zones, routine programme activities were intensified. We evaluated the sustainability of the intervention strategy over a period of 2 years after the withdrawal of external support. Data on maintenance of effects, level of institutionalization and continuity of activities through capacity building were collected via documental review, direct observation, questionnaires, key informant and group interviews and routine entomological surveys. The intervention effects, evaluated through larval indices and behavioural change indicators, were maintained during the 2 years of follow-up. In the intervention area, 87.5% of the water storage containers remained well covered in 2004 and 90.5% of the families continued to correctly use a larvicide, against 21.5% and 63.5%, respectively in the control area. The house indices further declined from 0.35% in 2002 to 0.17% in 2004 in the intervention area, while in the control area they increased from 0.52% to 2.25%. Institutionalization of the intervention, assessed in terms of degrees of intensiveness (passage, routine, niche saturation), was reaching saturation by the end of the study. Key elements of the intervention had lost their separate identity and became part of the control programme's regular activities. The host organization adapted its structures and procedures accordingly. Continuous capacity building in the community led to participatory planning, implementation and evaluation of the Aedes control activities. It is concluded that, in contrast to intensified routine control activities, a community-based intervention approach promises to be sustainable.


Subject(s)
Community Health Services , Dengue/prevention & control , Health Promotion/organization & administration , Animals , Cuba , Disease Vectors , Health Behavior , Humans , Interviews as Topic , Pilot Projects , Program Evaluation , Surveys and Questionnaires
13.
Salud Publica Mex ; 48(1): 39-44, 2006.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16555533

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To explore the perceptions about community participation in dengue fever control during formative research for a community project. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was conducted in three health areas of the Santiago de Cuba municipality during the year 2000. Qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to explore the opinions of health professionals, community leaders and a random sample of 200 people living in the community. RESULTS: The health professionals who were interviewed judged that difficulties in Aedes aegypti control were due to lack of participation of the community and to limited knowledge of prevention methods. Community leaders considered that the population was poorly motivated. The randomly selected subjects who were interviewed did associate Aedes control with technological intervention. The authors identified barriers to acceptance of control program activities. In general, the concept of "participation" was interpreted as "collaboration". CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that the community has transferred the responsibility for Aedes aegypti control to the health sector. There is an evident need for unifying the concepts of community participation, as well as for matching the interests of users and health care providers, in order to attain a significant social mobilization.


Subject(s)
Community Participation , Dengue/prevention & control , Cuba , Humans , Sociology
14.
Salud pública Méx ; 48(1): 39-44, ene.-feb. 2006. tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-43712

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: explorar las percepciones sobre la participación comunitaria en la prevención del dengue durante la investigación formativa de un proyecto comunitario. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio conducido en tres áreas de salud de Santiago de Cuba durante el año 2000. Se combinan técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas para explorar opiniones de los profesionales de salud, líderes comunitarios y una muestra aleatoria de población. RESULTADOS: Los profesionales identifican la no participación de la comunidad y sus propias limitaciones para involucrarla activamente en la prevención. Los líderes refieren falta de motivación, y la población vincula la eliminaci¢n del vector con el uso de tecnologías. Se perciben barreras en la aceptación de las actividades del programa de control y en general la participación es interpretada como colaboración. CONCLUSIONES: La población ha trasferido responsabilidad del control del Aedes aegypti al sector salud. Se evidencia la necesidad de unificar conceptos sobre la participación comunitaria y conciliar intereses entre usuarios y proveedores de los servicios para lograr una real movilización social (AU)


OBJECTIVE:To explore the perceptions about community participation in dengue fever control during formative research for a community project. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was conducted in three health areas of the Santiago de Cuba municipality during the year 2000. Qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to explore the opinions of health professionals, community leaders and a random sample of 200 people living in the community. Results. The health professionals who were interviewed judged that difficulties in Aedes aegypti control were due to lack of participation of the community and to limited knowledge of prevention methods. Community leaders considered that the population was poorly motivated. The randomly selected subjects who were interviewed did associate Aedes control with technological intervention. The authors identified barriers to acceptance of control program activities. In general, the concept of participation was interpreted as collaboration. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that the community has transferred the responsibility for Aedes aegypti control to the health sector. There is an evident need for unifying the concepts of community participation, as well as for matching the interests of users and health care providers, in order to attain a significant social mobilization(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Dengue/prevention & control , Community Participation , Cuba , Sociology
15.
Salud pública Méx ; 48(1)Ene.-Feb. 2006.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-40043

ABSTRACT

Explorar las percepciones sobre la participación comunitaria en la prevención del dengue durante la investigación formativa de un proyecto comunitario. Estudio conducido en tres áreas de salud de Santiago de Cuba durante el año 2000. Se combinan técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas para explorar opiniones de los profesionales de salud, líderes comunitarios y una muestra aleatoria de población. Los profesionales identifican la no participación de la comunidad y sus propias limitaciones para involucrarla activamente en la prevención. Los líderes refieren falta de motivación, y la población vincula la eliminación del vector con el uso de tecnologías. Se perciben barreras en la aceptación de las actividades del programa de control y en general la participación es interpretada como colaboración...(AU)


To explore the perceptions about community participation in dengue fever control during formative research for a community project. This study was conducted in three health areas of the Santiago de Cuba municipality during the year 2000. Qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to explore the opinions of health professionals, community leaders and a random sample of 200 people living in the community. The health professionals who were interviewed judged that difficulties in Aedes aegypti control were due to lack of participation of the community and to limited knowledge of prevention methods. Community leaders considered that the population was poorly motivated.The randomly selected subjects who were interviewed did associate Aedes control with technological intervention.The authors identified barriers to acceptance of control program activities. In general, the concept of participation was interpreted as collaboration...(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Community Participation , Dengue/prevention & control , Sociology
16.
Salud pública Méx ; 48(1): 39-44, ene.-feb. 2006. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-426432

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: explorar las percepciones sobre la participación comunitaria en la prevención del dengue durante la investigación formativa de un proyecto comunitario. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio conducido en tres  reas de salud de Santiago de Cuba durante el año 2000. Se combinan técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas para explorar opiniones de los profesionales de salud, líderes comunitarios y una muestra aleatoria de población. RESULTADOS: Los profesionales identifican la no participación de la comunidad y sus propias limitaciones para involucrarla activamente en la prevención. Los líderes refieren falta de motivación, y la población vincula la eliminaci¢n del vector con el uso de tecnologías. Se perciben barreras en la aceptación de las actividades del programa de control y en general la "participación" es interpretada como "colaboración". CONCLUSIONES: La población ha trasferido responsabilidad del control del Aedes aegypti al sector salud. Se evidencia la necesidad de unificar conceptos sobre la participación comunitaria y conciliar intereses entre usuarios y proveedores de los servicios para lograr una real movilización social.


Subject(s)
Humans , Community Participation , Dengue/prevention & control , Cuba , Sociology
17.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz ; 99(7)Nov. 2004. tab
Article in English | CUMED | ID: cum-39987

ABSTRACT

We have evaluated the prevalence of antibody to immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in a group of 4 to 5 years old healthy children, who were too old to be included in the first vaccinated cohort when Hib vaccination begun in Cuba in 1999. Serum capsular polysaccharide specific IgG antibody concentrations were measured in 974 healthy children, between February and May 2002. The prevalence of Hib nasopharyngeal carriage was also estimated. The majority of children (99.7 percent) had more than 1 µg/ml of antibody. The preliminary report of the nasopharyngeal cultures was positive for H. influenzae in 16 children, but in only one was confirmed as Hib after serotyping (0.1 percent Hib nasopharyngeal carrier). These results provide evidence that in Cuba the natural active immunity to Hib can be acquired at an early age(AU)


Hemos evaluado la prevalencia de anticuerpos a la inmunogenicidad de Haemophilus influenzae tipo b (Hib) en un grupo de 4 a 5 años de edad los niños sanos, que eran demasiado viejos para ser incluidos en la primera cohorte de vacunados, cuando comenzó la vacunación contra Hib en Cuba en 1999. Polisacárido capsular en suero de anticuerpos IgG específicos de las concentraciones se midieron en 974 niños sanos, entre febrero y mayo de 2002. La prevalencia de Hib transporte nasofaríngeo también se estima. La mayoría de los niños (99,7 por ciento) tuvieron más de 1 mg / ml de anticuerpo. El informe preliminar de la nasofaríngeo culturas fue positivo para H. influenzae en 16 niños, pero sólo en uno se confirmó que después de serotipado Hib (0,1 por ciento Hib nasofaríngeo transportista). Estos resultados proporcionan pruebas de que en Cuba la inmunidad natural a Hib activos pueden ser adquiridos a una edad temprana


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology , Haemophilus influenzae type b/immunology , Immunity, Innate/immunology , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin G/immunology , Polysaccharides, Bacterial/blood , Polysaccharides, Bacterial/immunology
18.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 99(7): 687-689, Nov. 2004. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-391595

ABSTRACT

We have evaluated the prevalence of antibody to immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in a group of 4 to 5 years old healthy children, who were too old to be included in the first vaccinated cohort when Hib vaccination begun in Cuba in 1999. Serum capsular polysaccharide specific IgG antibody concentrations were measured in 974 healthy children, between February and May 2002. The prevalence of Hib nasopharyngeal carriage was also estimated. The majority of children (99.7 percent) had more than 1 µg/ml of antibody. The preliminary report of the nasopharyngeal cultures was positive for H. influenzae in 16 children, but in only one was confirmed as Hib after serotyping (0.1 percent Hib nasopharyngeal carrier). These results provide evidence that in Cuba the natural active immunity to Hib can be acquired at an early age.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Antibodies, Bacterial , Haemophilus influenzae type b , Immunity, Innate , Immunoglobulin G , Polysaccharides, Bacterial , Cuba , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Prevalence
19.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz ; 99(7): 687-9, 2004 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15654422

ABSTRACT

We have evaluated the prevalence of antibody to immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in a group of 4 to 5 years old healthy children, who were too old to be included in the first vaccinated cohort when Hib vaccination begun in Cuba in 1999. Serum capsular polysaccharide specific IgG antibody concentrations were measured in 974 healthy children, between February and May 2002. The prevalence of Hib nasopharyngeal carriage was also estimated. The majority of children (99.7%) had more than 1 microg/ml of antibody. The preliminary report of the nasopharyngeal cultures was positive for H. influenzae in 16 children, but in only one was confirmed as Hib after serotyping (0.1% Hib nasopharyngeal carrier). These results provide evidence that in Cuba the natural active immunity to Hib can be acquired at an early age.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Haemophilus influenzae type b/immunology , Immunity, Innate/immunology , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Polysaccharides, Bacterial/blood , Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology , Child, Preschool , Cuba , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/immunology , Polysaccharides, Bacterial/immunology
20.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 54(1)ene.-abr. 2002. tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-33863

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un ensayo clínico controlado y aleatorizado, con el objetivo de evaluar la reactogenicidad e inmunogenicidad de la vacuna cubana trivalente contra la leptospirosis humana (vax-SPIRAL) en grupos de voluntarios sanos con la utilización de diferentes esquemas de vacunación. Se empleó como control una vacuna de procedencia rusa. Las reacciones adversas evaluadas fueron síntomas y signos locales (dolor, rubor, infiltración local, prurito, necrosis y absceso) y generales (fiebre, febrícula, cefalea, lipotimia, náuseas, vómitos, rash y malestar general). Los resultados obtenidos demostraron la inocuidad de la vacuna, al no presentarse reacciones adversas graves. La febrícula y el dolor local ligero fueron los signos y síntomas que aparecieron en magnitudes aceptables. La fiebre apareció en un número reducido de voluntarios. Las reacciones adversas reportadas en los grupos vacunados con diferentes esquemas de la vacuna cubana y los inmunizados con la vacuna rusa fueron similares. La mayoría de los síntomas y signos desaparecieron a las 72 h. La seroconversión obtenida resultó similar a otras bacterinas contra la leptospirosis. Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que la vacuna es segura y poco reactogénica para adultos humanos(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Leptospirosis/prevention & control , Leptospira/immunology , Bacterial Vaccines/therapeutic use , Bacterial Vaccines/adverse effects , Cuba
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